Your dog isn’t stubborn. Your timing is off by three seconds . This statement explains why even patient, caring dog owners struggle with training. Dogs repeat behaviors that are rewarded. Timing determines which behaviors get rewarded. That is all you need to know to transform results. This article will show you what the 3-second rule is, why it works, how to apply it clearly, how to recognize success, and how to avoid common mistakes. No force. No tricks. Just clear timing that produces measurable improvement. Why timing matters Learning is built on close pairs of events. Dogs, humans, and other animals link an action to an outcome only if the two occur close together . Delay weakens the connection. B.F. Skinner first observed this in pigeons: immediate rewards strengthened the desired behavior, while delayed rewards strengthened whatever action was happening when the reward arrived. The principle applies directly to dogs. In practice, dogs connect actions to outcomes only within ...
A rare deep-sea dragonfish has been spotted off the coast of northern California.
The highfin dragonfish identified scientifically as Bathophilus flemingi was captured on video by a team of researchers in Monterey Bay, California. Named after the mythical creature, the torpedo-shaped fish is a predator that roams the depths of the ocean.
Highfin dragonfish can grow up to 16.5cm in length and has long thin rays for fins. Scientists think the wing-like filaments can detect vibrations and can alert the fish of oncoming predators and prey.
The deep-sea creature uses a sit-and-wait tactic in which it hangs motionless in midwater and waits for unsuspecting crustaceans and fish to feed on, according to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). It also uses a bioluminescent filament that extends from its chin.
“It uses that to attract prey that see the spot of glowing light and get drawn to it because they think it’s something small enough that they can eat,” Bruce Robison, a senior scientist at MBARI told Live Science.
Upon encountering its prey, the fish will open its jaws, revealing a set of sharp teeth, and snap its mouth shut.
“In more than three decades of deep-sea research and more than 27,600 hours of video, we’ve only seen this particular species four times! We spotted this individual just outside of Monterey Bay at a depth of about 300 meters (980 ft),” the researchers said in a YouTube video caption of the dragonfish swimming.
The fish captured by researchers on camera had a bronze hue unlike that of any other deep-sea species. “They are just amazing animals, and part of what is appealing is that color pattern,” Robinson said.
He added the bronze hue could probably be a type of camouflage as it absorbs the blue light that reaches the ocean’s depths. As a result, the fish blends into its dark environment and becomes nearly invisible.
“But when we shine our white lights on it, it’s just gorgeous,” Robinson said.
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